A cryogenic engineer ensures proper functionality of quantum processors by ensuring they are kept as close to absolute zero as possible, usually around 10 to 20 millikelvin. To put that in perspective, that is much colder than outer space.
In order to engineer and maintain these uber-cold temps, cryogenic engineers work with dilution refrigerators, certain cooling systems, and vacuum chambers. Engineers handle a very controlled environment where even the smallest amount of heat can compromise a qubit's functionality. This includes controlled wiring, materials, and vibration. Engineers are also responsible for monitoring Helium systems and preventing failures, that would result in a complete system shutdown.
As systems are built to be larger, the cooling systems needed to be engineered become more complex and even more costly. In certain setups, up to 30 to 40 percent of the entire hardware needed comes from cryogenic systems. Because of the expertise needed and the cost of downtimes, cryogenic engineers are relied upon for quantum systems.
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What is the average base salary?
Min. Qualifications
What You Need to Know
What's the work environment like for Cryogenic Engineers?
Most of the work takes place in labs and involves hands-on tasks such as lifting equipment, assembling parts, and fixing problems. You may also be on call, since cooling system failures need quick action to avoid damaging hardware.
How long does it take to become proficient in cryogenic systems?
This will take around 2-3 years of hands-on experience to independently manage dilution refrigerators and complex cooling systems. Formal education provides theory, however practical troubleshooting skills develop through apprenticeship-style learning.
Is cryogenic engineering specific to quantum computing?
No, cryogenic engineers work across fields including particle physics, space exploration and medical imaging. Most quantum-focused roles require understanding how temperature affects qubit coherence and gate fidelity.
Is demand for Cryogenic Engineers limited to certain quantum technologies?
Mainly, superconducting qubit systems require temperatures of approximately 1 millikelvin. Ion trap and neutral atom systems need cryogenics, however at less extreme temperatures, creating broader opportunities across different quantum hardware platforms.
More Quantum Job Salaries
Quantum Control Engineer
Designs and tunes quantum hardware control systems, earning $95,000-$190,000+.
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Quantum DevOps Engineer
Manages quantum infrastructure and pipelines, earning $90,000-$180,000+.
Quantum Solutions Architect
Designs enterprise-ready quantum systems, earning $100,000-$210,000+.
Quantum Product Manager
Leads quantum product vision and delivery, earning $100,000-$220,000+.
Quantum Technical Writer
Creates documentation, and technical content for quantum computing products and research.
Quantum Systems Engineer
Integrates quantum hardware and software components into complete quantum computing systems.
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